Do you remember the Big Blackout of 1965?
For those too young to remember, it was a major power outage that struck the Northeastern United States back on November 9, 1965. More than 30 million people in eight states, as well as Ontario, Canada, were left without electricity, with the outage lasting up to 13 hours.
Above is the front page of the Journal of November 10, 1965, reporting on the aftermath.
The Journal coverage noted, "At its peak last night, the power failure and companion blackout encompassed 80,000 square miles and 30 million persons in New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Vermont, Rhode Island and Toronto and Ottawa in Canada. It hit about 5:50 p.m. EST and New York City, one of the last areas to have power restored, was without lights until 3:55 a.m. today.
How did it happen?
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Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Power Station No. 2 Courtesy Water.OPG.com |
As its Wiki entry notes, "The cause of the failure was the setting of a protective relay on one of the transmission lines from the Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Power Station No. 2 in Queenston, Ontario, near Niagara Falls. The safety relay was set to trip if other protective equipment deeper within the Ontario Hydro system failed to operate properly. "On a particularly cold November evening, power demands for heating, lighting, and cooking were pushing the electrical system to near its peak capacity. Transmission lines heading into southern Ontario were heavily loaded. The safety relay had been misprogrammed, and it did what it had been asked to do: to disconnect under the loads it perceived. As a result, at 5:16 p.m. Eastern Time, a small variation of power originating from the Robert Moses generating plant in Lewiston, New York, caused the relay to trip, disabling a main power line heading into Southern Ontario. Instantly, the load that was flowing on the tripped line redistributed to the other lines, causing them to become overloaded. Their own protective relays, which are also designed to protect the lines from overload, tripped, isolating Beck Station from all of southern Ontario.
"With nowhere else to go, the excess load from Beck Station was redirected east, over the interconnected lines into New York state, overloading them as well, and isolating the power generated in the Niagara region from the rest of the interconnected grid. The Beck generators, with no outlet for their power, were automatically shut down to prevent damage.
"The Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant continued to generate power, which supplied Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation customers in the metropolitan areas of Buffalo and Niagara Falls, New York. These areas ended up being isolated from the rest of the Northeast power grid and remained powered up.
"Within five minutes, the power distribution system in the Northeast was in chaos as the effects of overloads and the subsequent loss of generating capacity cascaded through the network, breaking the grid into "islands". Station after station experienced load imbalances and automatically shut down. The affected power areas were the Ontario Hydro System, St Lawrence-Oswego, Upstate New York, and New England.
"With only limited electrical connection southwards, power to the southern states was not affected."
I'm sure more of us remember the
Northeast Blackout of 2003, which affected the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and most of Ontario. It happened on August 14, 2003 just after 4:00 p.m.
I remember that one well. It was so creepy at work that we were sent home early. I remember driving slowly through Lakewood on the way home, with all the traffic lights out. The stores all had their doors open, trying to let some light in on a hot, sunny day. Nobody knew what was going on, and there was a lot of anxiety that it was the result of terrorism, as 9/11 had only happened two years earlier.
I seem to recall the power coming back on in early evening, much to my relief.